Full context:   The Six Arts concept developed during the pre-imperial period, and incorporated both military and civil components. In later times, the civil side was associated with the four arts of qin playing, weiqi (a board-game more widely known by its Japanese name, Go), calligraphy, and painting. However, the lattermost of these four was more of a leisure characteristic for the late imperial time. These four refined skillsets appear, at least superficially, to fit nicely within the Six Arts: the qin epitomized music, weiqi related to military strategy (a welcome addition to the practical skills of archery and chariotry), and calligraphy related closely to both literature and the aesthetic value of writing, as well as the cultivation of virtues or moral character (virtues necessary for perfecting Confucian social/religious rites).